Transition sleeve



May 31, 1960 J. J. DouGl-IERTY TRANSITION SLEEVE 2 sheetsheet 1 Filed sept. 17, 1958 n INVENTOR' JOHN J'. DOUGHERTY HTTOR May 31, 1960 Filed Sept. 17, 1958 J.' J. DOUGHERTY TRANSITION SLEEVE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. JoH/v J. DouqHERTY HTTORZ ing a cleat construction.

Unite States TRANSITION SLEEVE John J. Dougherty, Briarwood Terrace, Cedar Grove, NJ.

i Filed Sept. 17, 1958, Ser. No. 761,641

s claims. (cl.l s1-5s) This invention relates generallyrto piling and more particularly to an improved joint between the sheet metal shell containing the concrete and the Wooden timber pile.

Piles are used to support or to form foundations for structures such as buildings, tanks, bridges, conduits, piers, wharves, etc., by inserting them into or through the yielding surface strata far enough to obtain a solid support for the principal structure. A composite woodconcrete pile structure is ordinarily used for this purpose.

One of the problems in composite piling of this type is that of providing a strong joint Ibetween the wood and concrete sections. This is important because a piling may be subjected to lateral and tension forces as well as compressional forces.

It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide an improved joint in the form of a titting between the sheet metal shell containing the concrete and the timber pile that has high resistance to lateral stresses.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved tting of this type that is especially well adapted to withstand -both tensional and compressional longi- -tudinal forces as well as lateral stresses.

A further object ofthe invention is -to provide an iniproved joint of this type in the form of a titting that provides a watertight seal between the sheet metal shell and the transition sleeve.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved joint of this type in the form of` a fitting that provides a watertight seal between the transition sleeve and the timber pile.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide an improved composite pile that can be readily assembled and driven and which has high1structural strength.

It is also an object of theinvention to provide an improvide joint of this type that is economical 'to manufacture, rugged in construction and highly eilicient for the purpose intended. Y

For further comprehension of the invention and of the objects and advantages thereof reference willbe had to the accompanying drawings and to the description thereof to follow. t

. In the accompanying drawings forming a material part of this disclosure:

Fig. l is an elevational view of a .fragment of a composite pile having a transition sleeve embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view through the composite pile taken substantially on the plane of the line 2--2 of Fig. 4, the concrete being omitted.

vFig. 3 is an enlarged top perspective view of the transition sleeve on the same scale as Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the transition sleeve. v

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showin a'well construction.

' Fig.v 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showany suitable or well known manner.

Referring'in detail tothedrawings, in Fig. `1 a comvforming ya continuation of the shell.

2,938,355 Patented May 3l, 1960 i C if.,

Vposite pile is shown comprising two principal partsz'a wooden lower section or timber pile 10 and an upper concrete-filled casing vsection formed of a corrugated sheet metal shell 12 and a iitting 14 joined to and The fitting will hereinafter be'referred Ato as a transition sleeve.

'Ihe wooden section 10 ordinarily will be generally circular in cross-section, such as a section of log. The cross-section of the Wooden section is slightly smaller than the inside diameter ofthe transition sleeve 14.

ln accordance with the invention, the transition sleeve 14 is formed of a length of steel pipe or the like of any desired and suitable diameter and is fabricated by casting, welding orin any other suitable manner. The pipe 14 may have any desired lengt-h suitable .to resist lateral forces.

Structurally the transition sleeve -14 is cast in one piece from steel and comprises a hollow cylindrical body 16, rwith a tapered inner surface so .that the thickness dirninshes from top to bottom. `A flange 18, at the top of the body, extends inwardly a short distance providing a central opening or por* 20. The edge wall of the opening is enlarged at its bottom periphery forming a downwardly facing lip 22 which serves as a sealing ridge. An upright flange 24 extends upwardly from the juncture of the body and Aflange y18. Flange 24 is circular in plan and trapezoidal in cross-section. Flange 24 acts as a centering device for the sheet metal shell '12when Vit is positioned for connection to the transition timber pile.

`An annular at ange Z6 extends laterally outwardly `from the junction of the body 16 landupright flange 24. 40l

The iiangev26` is rectangular invelevat'ion and .-in' crosssection,serving as a bearing' to which the bottom of the shell 12 is welded. a a

A still tighter-fit between the'wooden pile '10 vand the transition sleeve 14 is provided by a plurality of cleats 28 4and recesses or wells 30 extending inwardly and spaced alternately around the inner periphery of the body 16, at

yThe rib is triangular in cross-section.

Each well 30 is formed by an indentedor depressed portion y34 lof the wall ofthe body 16 projecting inwardly of the. body. The indented portion 34'is spaced and overlapped by the adjacent portion 36 of the wall of the body extending from the Vrespectivespringing lines or .points of contact between' the individual curves. The overlapping portion 36 of the body extends only approximately a third of the distance measured from the top.

`The shell 12 is joined 'to the transition sleeve 14 in Preferably, as shown' in the drawings, the shell is welded as 4at 38 to the outer flange 26. 'Ihe shell preferably is corrugated in helical or spiral turns. Helical corrugations are preferred as they contribute to the lateral rigidity of-.the joint.

In assembling and placing the composite pile, the wooden section 10 first is driven with a pile driver -in the usual way until its upper end is just above the surface ofthe soil or water, as the case may be.` The assemble'cl shell 12 and transition sleeve '14 are then placed in posi- ;pressed belS, is annular, toward the center. zevery actionthere is an equal and opposite reaction, the pressure of the compressed bers `within the timber, pile -will press outwardly with equal force against theyinner face of thetransitionsleeve. y

tion on top of the partially driven wooden section and a suitable mandrel is`lowered into the joined shell'and transition sleeve until it rests on the inner ange 18. The

vpile..,driveris then .used to-'drive the transition sleeve 14 down over the .upper portion'of the Wooden section therebyQlittng thetransition sleeve 14 snugly onto the Wood.

.lDuringthis driving operation, the wells 30penetrate .and cut away material of thetimber pile, butthe flow of cut material is controlled assuring ,the proper formation .and compression .of that portion of the timber pile required to seal Vthe .void left by the penetration of the wells. .The Wells displace a volume equal to their own when driven into the timber pile to .augment the compressive .stress .wit-hin the Wall of body-16 for greater frictional bond. As .the lower edge of each well 30 penetrates and compresses thenfibersof the timber pile .and progresses -toits `nal location on the pile butt, `there is a void .left in its pathbetween .the upper edge of the well and the lower face of the ange 18. This void has the configuration of the well that produced it. The stress within the :.-fiberszof the ltimber pile tends .to relieve causing the compressed fibers to expand to rell the void forming a lock .to permanently bond the transition sleeve -14 and the timber pile. v.the well fromits iinal position as was required to drive vit thereto.

It will require as much force to withdraw xlurtherrnore, the cleatsZS compress and distort the .The rib acts as a seal at the point where Thefrib ,also acts as a stitfener-and as an aid to vproper .seating during the `driving that causes the junction of the transition sleeve and timber pile. y During the driving operation, the rtaper of the inner l surface of the wall of the body 16 of the transition sleeve .14 compresses theybers of the Vtimber pile to produce afseal ,that is watertight .between the timber pile and the The stress pattern,-within the com- Since for transition sleeve.

zIt is to,be notedfthatthe entire strain of the vdriving operation is `transferred by the inner. iange 18 lto the transition sleeve 14 .sosthatthe shell r12 simply is drawn down with thesleeve las the latter is driven over the wood.

The comparatively .thick walled sleeve 14 is fully capable of withstanding ,the impact force imparted by the pile .driver tothe follower, so that no potentially damaging forces .are applied to the relatively weaker andmore readily collapsible corrugatedjshell.

v The compression of the .wood bers of the timberpile tby thebody 16, cleats .28l and wells 30 forms .a :seal

between .the transitionsleeve 14 and the .timber pile 10. The joint so created can be caulked, covered with a .mastieor plastic material. or rendered watertight .by the application of a .gasket or gaskets. .will .be watertight under considerable hydrostatic .head :to provide .a `dry interior in the sheet metal shell 1-2.

The joint so created .ThevlliprZZ .also formsia positive seal between fthe -inner -iauge 18 and the .butt .end .of the .timber pile 10 against the entrance of ground water under hydrostatic pressure. t During :the driving operation', the outerange 26 on .the :body,;16 of the transitionlsleeve produces a holel in the Vsoil by displacement of the soil. Through this` hole 'iLh-sheet v,nretalvshell ;1 2.is ldramvn to .its nal position as theitmandrelpushes thev transition sleeve 14.. The hole reduces the drag on the sheet metal shell since some such forms will stretch and stretching is undesirable. The size of the diameter of the hole in the soil can be controlled by the size of the outer edge of the flange Z6.

It will also be noted that the transition sleeve 14 has the additional useful function of protecting the upper end of the timber pile 10 against splitting, dubbing over or otherwise being damaged by-the severe driving impacts.

While I havegillustrated and described the preferred embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that changes in Ydetails lof construction'mightbe made without departing fromtheprinciple of the invention and I desire to be limitedV only bythe state of the prior art and the appended claims.

I claim:

l. A composite pile comprising a lower wooden section, a substantially cylindrical casing comprising a tubu- .lar shall anda transition sleeve joinedto said shell to form a continuation thereof, .said sleeve having a cross .section slightly larger than .the cross section of the wooden section,a flange at the topof said sleeve extend- I.ing inwardly `thereof .at right angles to the axis of the casing, said llange presenting a continuous support for a :driving .member loweredinto said sleeve, a plurality of cleats on .the inner surfaceof said sleeve joined to said Hange, said Aflangeand cleats serving to transferdriving impact forceffrorn a .pile Adriver member lowered into said casngxto the wallv of the sleeve, said cleats being located at points substantially equidistant from and relaftively. close. to Athe jlmcture'of the yshell and'said sleeve, a plurality of recessed wells in the wall of said' sleeve projecting inwardy from the .inner surface of thesleeve spaced below said inner iiange and extending to the bottom ofthe sleeve in alternate arrangement with the cleats, said ,sleeve extending around the upper portion .of said wooden section to the depth of said wells and having a snug driving `tit overY saidawoodengsection with'said wellsvembedded in said woodensection and a filling 'of concrete in said casing yabove-said Wooden section, said recessed wells eX- tending upwardly above-the lower edge lofthe sleeve and being openat the top. t

2. A composite pile comprising a lower wooden section, lasubstantiallycylindrcal `casing comprising a tubular shell and a transition sleeve joined'to said shell to .forma continuation thereof, said sleevehavin'g a cross section slightly larger than the Scross section of `the wooden section, aiiange at the, topA ofi said sleeve extending inwardly thereof at right anglestowthe airis4 of the casing, Vsaid tiangefpresentinga-conti-nuous supportfor a vdrivingmer'nber .lowered into said sleeve,;a;plurality of cleats on the inner. :surfaceofsaid 'sleeve `joined to :said ange, and extending-to thefbottomfof the fsleeve,'said .cleats tapering `frorntop tobottom -with .thefwide'st portionat'the top, alongitudinal :ribgon each cleat extending centrally thereof and bulging frombo'thisuifaces thereof, -said flange .and cleats serving to 'transferA driving impact 4force froma .pile driver member lowered .finto .said casing tothe wall of 'thersle'eveg said cleats. being located. at points substantially equidistant from and relatively close to the juncture of the shell an'dsaid sleeve, a plurality. of recessed wells in the wall of said sleeve projectinginwardly Vfromthe inner surfacefof Vthe .sleeve Ispaced" below said --inner flange .and extending'to vthe bottomfof. the-sleeve in alternate arrangement with the cleats, said sleeveextending around the 'upperportio-n `ofrrsaid fwoo'den .section 4to ;the"dep.th of saidwells. and havinga snug driving lit over .said wooden. section .'.with said .wells embedded in -said'wooden section and acllingofieoncrete in said casing above said. wooden*v sectionytheltop 'ends `'ofgthewells being overlapped by thesleeve. ,.3. A composite pile comprising arlower ywooden section, a substantially cylindrical uppercasing, said casing comprising a helically corrugated` shell .and a smooth walled sleeve Welded thereto,'a flange at `the top of the sleeve. extending inwardlythereof, arange at the' top of the sleeve and extending upwardly thereof, Van annular ange at the top of the sleeve and extending outwardly thereof, a plurality of cleats on the inner Surface of said sleeve joined to said inwardly extending flange, said inwardly extending ange and cleats serving to transfer driving impact force from a pile driver member lowered into said casing to the wall of the sleeve, a plurality of recessed wells in the wall of said sleeve projecting inwardly from the inner surface of the sleeve spaced below said inner flange and extending to the bottom of the sleeve at uniformly spaced points about the inner surface in alternate arrangement lwith the cleats, said sleeve extending around the upper portion of said wooden section to the depth of said wells and having a snug driving lit over said Wooden section with said Wells embedded in said References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,413,737 Jensen Apr. 25, 1922 2,156,682 Dimoush May 2, 1939 2,701,449 Young Feb. 8, 1955 2,821,069 Fox Ian. 28, 1958 OTHER REFERENCES Civ-i1 Engineering, September 1956, page 98. 

